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- Elliott Stein: "Tod Browning." In: R.Roud (Ed.): Cinema:
A Critical Dictionary, London 1980, pp.156-166
- David J.Skal / Elias Savada: Dark Carnival. The Secret World
of Tod Browning. New York 1995
- Jack Stevenson: Tod Brownings Freaks. München
1997
- Martin F.Norden / Madeleine A.Cahill: "Violence, Women,
and Disability in Tod Browning´s Freaks and The
Devil Doll." In: Journal of Popular Film & TV 26:2
(1998), pp.86-94
- Robin Larsen / Beth A. Haller: "Public Reception of Real
Disability: The Case of Freaks." In: Journal of
Popular Film & TV 29:4 (2001-02), pp.164-173
- Matthew Solomon: "Reframing a Biographical Legend: Style,
European Filmmakers, and the Sideshow Cinema of Tod Browning."
In: D.A.Gerstner / J.Staiger (Eds.): Authorship and Film, New
York & London 2002
- Heike Kühn: "Dracula." In: U.Vossen
(Hg.): Filmgenres: Horrorfilm, Stuttgart: Reclam, 2004, pp.61-71
- Bernd Herzogenrath (Ed.): The Films of Tod Browning. London:
Black Dog, 2006
- Rick Worland: "Edges of the Horror Film: Lon Chaney, Tod
Browning, and The Unknown (1927)." In: R.W.: The
Horror Film: An Introduction. Malden/MA: Blackwell, 2006
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